Relationships in Drupal Views are a way to access additional data from related entities. They allow you to join two or more tables together in order to create a more complex query. Relationships are used to add fields from related entities to the view, and to filter the view by fields from related entities.
For example, if you have a view of content nodes, you can add a relationship to the user table in order to access the author's name or other user fields. You can also use relationships to filter the view by the author's name or other user fields.
Relationships are defined in the view's Advanced section. You can add multiple relationships to a view, and each relationship can have its own settings. For example, you can specify whether the relationship is required or optional, and whether it should be used to filter the view.
Relationships are a powerful tool for creating complex views, and they are essential for creating views that display data from related entities. They are also a key part of the Views API, which allows developers to create custom views.